Page 6 - 新思维科学学生用书7 样章

4.1 Characteristics of living organisms
After completing an activity, this
provides you with the opportunity
to either assess your own work or
another student’s work.
This contains questions that ask you to
look back at what you have covered and
encourages you to think about your
learning.
This list summarises the important material
that you have learnt in the topic.
At the end of each unit, there is a
group project that you can carry out
with other students. This will involve
using some of the knowledge that
you developed during the unit. Your
project might involve creating or
producing something, or you might
all solve a problem together.
These questions look back
at some of the content
you learnt in each session
in this unit. If you can
answer these, you are
ready to move on to the
next unit.
1 Cells
1 Another word for taking in nutrition is ……………………… .
2 Continued How to use this book
Polar bears can sense things in their environment. For example, with their nose they can sense
1 Cells
the ……………………… of meat.
Questions
3 1 All living organisms excrete waste substances. Animals excrete ……………………… when they
Suggest why the cells from the onion do not look green.
breathe out.
2 Continued
Describe any difficulties you had with this activity. How did you solve them?
4 Self-assessment
Living organisms ……………………… to make more of the same kind of organism.
Questions
5
Young plants and animals get bigger. This is called …………………….. .
1
Suggest why the cells from the onion do not look green.
6 Think about how you did this task.
All living organisms break down some of the food they eat, to provide them with energy. This
For each of these statements, rate yourself.
2
Describe any difficulties you had with this activity. How did you solve them?
happens in a process called ……………………… .
7 Self-assessment
Most living organisms can change the shape and position of their bodies. This is called
Think about how you did this task.
……………………… .
For each of these statements, rate yourself. if you didn't do it all,
if you think you did
if you did it
Activity 4.1.1 quite well, or needed or needed a lot
it very well, with
no help
Is a car alive? some help of help
• The picture shows a car. if you did it if you didn't do it all,
I cut a piece of the inside layer of onion that was about 1 cm square.
if you think you did
• Here are some facts about cars. quite well, or needed or needed a lot
I was able to spread the piece of onion flat in the drop of water.
it very well, with
• • I put the cover slip over the onion without getting any air bubbles.
Cars use fuel and oxygen.
of help
no help
some help
Inside the engine of the car,
• • I saw onion cells down the microscope.
• • I focussed the microscope so that I could see the cells really clearly.
I cut a piece of the inside layer of onion that was about 1 cm square.
the fuel and oxygen provide
• • I was able to spread the piece of onion flat in the drop of water.
energy to make the car move.
I put the cover slip over the onion without getting any air bubbles.
• • The engine produces waste
I saw onion cells down the microscope.
• • gases, including carbon dioxide.
Write down one thing that you did really well in this activity.
I focussed the microscope so that I could see the cells really clearly.
These are given off in the exhaust of
• Write down one thing that you will try to do much better next time. How will
you do this?
• the car.
Some cars have sensors. For example, they can sense when it is dark and turn the
• Write down one thing that you did really well in this activity.
lights on automatically.
•
Write down one thing that you will try to do much better next time. How will
Summary checklist
Questions
you do this?
1 I can name all the structures in a plant cell, and describe what they do.
In your group, make a list of similarities between a car and living organisms.
Make a list of differences between a car and living organisms.
2 I can make a model of a plant cell, and discuss its strengths and limitations.
I can use a microscope to look at plant cells.
Summary checklist
Summary checklist 1.4 Cells, tissues and organs
I can name all the structures in a plant cell, and describe what they do.
I can make a model of a plant cell, and discuss its strengths and limitations.
I can list the seven characteristics of living organisms.
I can use a microscope to look at plant cells.
Summary checklist
I can describe the meaning of each of these characteristics.
I can give examples of tissues and organs in animals and plants.
I can explain the meanings of the words tissue, organ and organ system.
Project: Cells discovery timeline
10 This project is about how scientific knowledge 127
gradually develops over time. You are going to
work in a group to do research, and then use
your findings to help to make a timeline.
10
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Science never stays still. When one scientist makes
a new discovery, this suggests new questions that
other scientists can investigate.
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You are going to produce a timeline. The timeline will show
how scientists gradually discovered that all living things are
made of cells.
The list below shows some of the important steps that
occurred. This is the type of microscope
In your group, choose one of these steps to investigate. that Robert Hooke used.
Make sure that you do not choose the same step as another group.
Help your group to find out more about this step. Then help to produce an illustrated
account of what happened.
Try to include an explanation of how the work of earlier scientists helped this step to
take place.
1625 Galileo Galilei builds the first microscope.
1665 Robert Hooke looks at cork (from tree bark) through a microscope, and
1 Cells describes little compartments that he calls cells.
1670 Anton van Leeuwenhoek improves the microscope and is able to see living
Check your Progress
cells in a drop of pond water.
1833 Robert Brown discovers the nucleus in plant cells.
1838 Matthias Schleiden proposes that all plant tissues are made of cells. Theodor
1.1 Different cells have different functions.
Schwann proposes that is also true of animal cells.
Name the cell that carries out each function.
1845 Carl Heinrich Braun proposes that cells are the basic unit of all life.
1855 Rudolf Virchow says that all cells only arise from other cells.
Choose from the list.
red blood cell root hair cell palisade cell neurone ciliated cell
a Moves mucus up through the airways. [1] 23
b Absorbs water from the soil. [1]
c Makes food by photosynthesis. [1]
1.2 The diagram shows an animal cell.
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A
B
C
D
5
a Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. [4]
b Describe two ways you can tell that this is an animal cell and not a plant cell. [2]
1.3 The diagram shows a plant cell.
A B C D E
24
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