Page 9 - 新思维科学学生用书8 样章

1 Respiration

Questions

1 Put your finger on the entrance to the nose or mouth in the diagram of the respiratory system.
Move your finger along the white space and down into the lungs.
Write down the structures that the air passes through, as it moves down into your lungs. Write

them in the correct order.
2 Now write the same structures in the order in which air passes through them as it moves out of
your lungs and back into your surroundings.

Air gets into your body through your mouth or nose. Your mouth and nose both connect to your
trachea. The trachea is sometimes called the windpipe. It has strong rings of cartilage around
it. These rings of cartilage keep the trachea open and prevent it collapsing, so that air can be kept
moving in and out of your body. If you put your fingers on the front of your neck and move them
downwards, you can feel the rings of cartilage on your trachea.

The trachea branches into two bronchi (singular: bronchus). The bronchi also have cartilage to
support them. One bronchus goes to each lung. Each bronchus carries air deep into the lungs. Each
bronchus divides into several smaller tubes called bronchioles. The structure of these branches
allows the air to reach deeper into the lungs.

The bronchioles end by branching into many tiny structures called air sacs. This is where the oxygen
goes into the blood, and the carbon dioxide comes out. You can find out more about this in the next

topic.

Think like a scientist

Looking at lungs
In this activity, you are going to look carefully at some real lungs. You will practise
using your senses of touch and sight to make observations, and record your
observations. Before you start this activity, look carefully at the questions and make

a risk assessment. Think about how you will reduce or overcome any risks. Be
prepared to share your ideas.

You will need:

• a set of lungs from an animal, such as a sheep or goat (from a butcher)
• a big board to put the lungs onto
• hot water, soap and towels to wash your hands after handling the lungs

Questions
1 Describe what the lungs look like.

If you prefer, you could make a labelled drawing instead of writing about them.

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